Neon Hard Goldenrod

Greek néon, new — element-name (atomic-number 10), discovered by William Ramsay in 1898. As a color modifier, neon implies a saturated-and-electric-glow quality, the bright color of Las-Vegas-and-Times-Square neon-marquee gas-discharge-tube emission. Sits at the bright-and-electric end of the grid, parallel to electric and fluorescent in usage.

Old English heard, firm / hard. As a color modifier, hard implies a stone-and-iron-and-bone quality, the visual register of hand-hard-and-firm stone-and-iron-and-bone hard-and-firm-and-resistant tactile-hardness-and-firmness surfaces under hard-and-firm tactile-hardness light. Sits at the modifier-and-texture end of the grid, parallel to forged and hewn in usage.

Solidago, the late-summer wildflower of North American meadows whose tall sprays of small yellow flowers signal the end of the growing season. The color refers to the flower head at full bloom: a warm, slightly muted yellow-orange with the matte finish of small clustered florets. Cooler than mustard, deeper than dandelion. The state flower of Kentucky and Nebraska, a pollinator magnet, and the original native dye for early American homespun.