Velvet Vienna
Velvet Vienna (#394166) is a deep blue with an earthy character. It leans grounded and natural, the kind of color that plays well with wood, clay, linen, and warm neutrals. Its HSL profile (229°, 28%, 31%) places it in the muted band at a dark lightness. It works well as a headline, icon, or deep background in an otherwise light layout, pairing cleanly with cream, bone, and warm neutrals. For a confident two-color system, pair it with its complementary amber. For something softer, pull in its analogous neighbors on either side of the wheel.
Etymology
A short-pile woven fabric — silk, cotton, or rayon — whose densely packed vertical fibers absorb almost all incident light, producing a deeper black than the dye alone could give. The color refers to a black silk velvet: a deep, slightly muted black with the velvet's signature optical depth and the directional shading that distinguishes it from any flat fabric. Cooler than sable, deeper than ink.
Austro-Hungarian imperial capital — and the Wiener Werkstätte color tradition of deep-violet Sezession secessionist textiles in the early 20th century. Vienna color refers to a Hoffmann-designed Wiener Werkstätte embroidered cushion cover (1903–1932): a saturated, slightly cool deep blue-violet with the matte finish of vat-dyed worsted wool. Cooler than the Wittgenstein family's pre-war Vienna interior aubergines.
Closest matches
The nearest named color in three reference sources, ranked by perceptual distance (ΔE76 in CIELAB). ΔE < 1 is imperceptible to most viewers; ΔE > 10 is clearly different. When two sources point to the same hex they’re merged into one tile; click any to open that color’s page.
Variations
Click any swatch to exploreHarmonies
Accessibility
How this color appears to viewers with the four major color-vision-deficiency types. Computed via the Machado (2009) physiologically-based model. If a tile matches the original, the color reads the same to that viewer.
The color used as foreground text against pure white and pure black, with the contrast ratio and WCAG 2.1 grade. Aim for AA (4.5:1) for body text and AA Large (3:1) for 18 pt+ headlines; AAA (7:1) is the gold standard for long-form reading surfaces.
Wide gamut
The CSS Color 4 wide-gamut form of this color. Both swatches render the same color on every display — the P3 form only diverges from sRGB when a designer pushes channels outside sRGB's reach.
This color sits well within the sRGB cube. P3 and sRGB share the gray axis and most desaturated tones, so a P3 display renders this identically to an sRGB display.