Torrid Torrent Goldenrod

Latin torridus, parched / scorching — sharing root with torrēre (to dry by heat). As a color modifier, torrid implies a saturated-and-tropical-hot quality, the bright color of equatorial-Saharan-and-Sonoran-desert mid-summer high-temperature surface-emission. Sits at the bright-and-warm end of the grid, parallel to scorching and fiery in usage.

Latin torrens, rushing-or-burning-stream. As a color modifier, torrent implies a rushing-and-deluge-and-flash-flood quality, the visual register of Alpine-and-Pyrenean-torrent hand-rushing-and-deluge-and-flash-flood Alpine-and-Pyrenean-torrent-and-monsoon-deluge torrent-and-rushing-and-deluge surfaces under Alpine-and-Pyrenean-torrent-and-monsoon-deluge Alpine-Dolomites-and-Pyrenean-cirque deluge-rushing-water-light. Sits at the modifier-and-weather end of the grid, parallel to rain and thaw in usage.

Solidago, the late-summer wildflower of North American meadows whose tall sprays of small yellow flowers signal the end of the growing season. The color refers to the flower head at full bloom: a warm, slightly muted yellow-orange with the matte finish of small clustered florets. Cooler than mustard, deeper than dandelion. The state flower of Kentucky and Nebraska, a pollinator magnet, and the original native dye for early American homespun.